tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5421281417190994542024-03-14T00:26:56.130-07:00Thoughts on Inner City EducationJinhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01915399485283432198noreply@blogger.comBlogger16125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-542128141719099454.post-87409302024369761882009-05-11T10:39:00.000-07:002009-05-11T11:02:56.707-07:00ReflectionWhen I first started this course, I was one of those wide eyed bushy tailed teacher to be. I only knew a little about the education system. When I heard about an inner city/urban class, I thought to myself, it would not have a huge impact on the way I view the school system today. But throughout the semester, whether forced or whatever it might be, I did the readings and listened to people's points of views. It was rather interesting conversation as good points were made on the topic of the moment.<br /><br />I think looking back on the project and also the walking tour, it gave me something more tangible. As I visited Newark and toured the schools, I just saw a different side of Newark than what I normally see, such as the airport. I went with a lot of stereotypes and negative stigmas. To my surprise there were a lot of good signs of change for the city. The project connected better when I saw Newark in person. I think in general actually visiting and driving around Newark helps bring some things into perspective.<br /><br />It is disheartening to hear how broken the education system is, at the same time it is encouraging to read stories such the book Spectacular Things, that make you realize that there is always an opening for change. The children in urban communities are just as intelligent as any other child. They just need to be provided the opportunity. It will be interesting to see where I wind up as a teacher, but I will have more awareness and knowledge. I hope I can be a teacher that can make a difference.Jinhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01915399485283432198noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-542128141719099454.post-39468340583169953742009-05-08T07:25:00.000-07:002009-05-08T07:26:35.346-07:00Summary of Findings <meta name="Title" content=""> <meta name="Keywords" content=""> <meta equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"> <meta name="ProgId" content="Word.Document"> <meta name="Generator" content="Microsoft Word 2008"> <meta name="Originator" content="Microsoft Word 2008"> <link style="font-family: arial;" rel="File-List" href="file://localhost/Users/jdlee81/Library/Caches/TemporaryItems/msoclip/0clip_filelist.xml"> <!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <o:officedocumentsettings> <o:allowpng/> </o:OfficeDocumentSettings> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:worddocument> <w:zoom>0</w:Zoom> <w:trackmoves>false</w:TrackMoves> <w:trackformatting/> <w:punctuationkerning/> <w:drawinggridhorizontalspacing>18 pt</w:DrawingGridHorizontalSpacing> <w:drawinggridverticalspacing>18 pt</w:DrawingGridVerticalSpacing> <w:displayhorizontaldrawinggridevery>0</w:DisplayHorizontalDrawingGridEvery> <w:displayverticaldrawinggridevery>0</w:DisplayVerticalDrawingGridEvery> <w:validateagainstschemas/> <w:saveifxmlinvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid> <w:ignoremixedcontent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent> <w:alwaysshowplaceholdertext>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText> <w:compatibility> <w:breakwrappedtables/> <w:dontgrowautofit/> <w:dontautofitconstrainedtables/> <w:dontvertalignintxbx/> </w:Compatibility> </w:WordDocument> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:latentstyles deflockedstate="false" latentstylecount="276"> </w:LatentStyles> </xml><![endif]--> <style> <!-- /* Style Definitions */ p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal {mso-style-parent:""; margin:0in; margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";} @page Section1 {size:8.5in 11.0in; margin:1.0in 1.25in 1.0in 1.25in; mso-header-margin:.5in; mso-footer-margin:.5in; mso-paper-source:0;} div.Section1 {page:Section1;} --> </style> <!--[if gte mso 10]> <style> /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0in; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-font-family:Cambria; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family:Cambria; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;} </style> <![endif]--> <!--StartFragment--> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0.3in 0.0001pt 30pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: arial; text-align: center;">Conclusion
<br /></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0.3in 0.0001pt 30pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: arial;">As we have discovered in this curriculum inquiry project, Social Justice Math can invert a curriculum that has become compressed and narrowed by restrictions such as <i style="">teaching to the test</i>. As with all well-written and executed lessons, a math lesson that incorporates real-world issues of concern with advanced mathematics applications and critical-thinking skills puts the students in the driver’s seat. More student-directed learning rather than teacher-directed is the direction classrooms should be heading. </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0.3in 0.0001pt 30pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: arial;"><span style=""> </span>Although we had every intention of creating a Social Justice Math lesson from something we wanted to investigate within the boundaries of Newark, we were open to all possibilities. As we toured the city, a small nugget of an idea began to form and grow. We had just begun our research on Social Justice Math, and would soon come to realize that the process of exploration and discovery that we experienced that afternoon in Newark was exactly how a good Social Justice Math lesson or unit should be constructed. There must certainly be the bones of an organizational plan in place to implement the lesson or unit, but students are encouraged to develop thoughtful inquiry questions to steer the direction of the project. With that in mind, outcomes cannot be preplanned or scripted. </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0.3in 0.0001pt 30pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: arial;"><span style=""> </span>
<br /></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0.3in 0.0001pt 30pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: arial;">Professor Miller noted there is much resistance to Social Justice Math on the part of classroom teachers, particularly due to their inclination to stay neutral and apolitical in the math class, or any class, for that matter. He spoke of sports statistics, commonly used in math classes, to make an excellent point. “If you use those applications, which are good and valuable, you’re missing that component in math that says to the students that this math has relevance in your life – not because it is about topics that occur in your life, but because this math can help you in areas of mathematics in your life.”</p> <!--EndFragment--> Jinhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01915399485283432198noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-542128141719099454.post-86990371997757107492009-05-07T12:47:00.000-07:002009-05-07T12:48:20.087-07:00Abstract<div style="text-align: center;"> <meta name="Title" content=""> <meta name="Keywords" content=""> <meta equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"> <meta name="ProgId" content="Word.Document"> <meta name="Generator" content="Microsoft Word 2008"> <meta name="Originator" content="Microsoft Word 2008"> <link rel="File-List" href="file://localhost/Users/jdlee81/Library/Caches/TemporaryItems/msoclip/0clip_filelist.xml"> <!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <o:officedocumentsettings> <o:allowpng/> </o:OfficeDocumentSettings> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:worddocument> <w:zoom>0</w:Zoom> <w:trackmoves>false</w:TrackMoves> <w:trackformatting/> <w:punctuationkerning/> <w:drawinggridhorizontalspacing>18 pt</w:DrawingGridHorizontalSpacing> <w:drawinggridverticalspacing>18 pt</w:DrawingGridVerticalSpacing> <w:displayhorizontaldrawinggridevery>0</w:DisplayHorizontalDrawingGridEvery> <w:displayverticaldrawinggridevery>0</w:DisplayVerticalDrawingGridEvery> <w:validateagainstschemas/> <w:saveifxmlinvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid> <w:ignoremixedcontent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent> <w:alwaysshowplaceholdertext>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText> <w:compatibility> <w:breakwrappedtables/> <w:dontgrowautofit/> <w:dontautofitconstrainedtables/> <w:dontvertalignintxbx/> </w:Compatibility> </w:WordDocument> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:latentstyles deflockedstate="false" latentstylecount="276"> </w:LatentStyles> </xml><![endif]--> <style> <!-- /* Font Definitions */ @font-face {font-family:Times; panose-1:2 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0; mso-font-charset:0; mso-generic-font-family:auto; mso-font-pitch:variable; mso-font-signature:3 0 0 0 1 0;} /* Style Definitions */ p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal {mso-style-parent:""; margin:0in; margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";} @page Section1 {size:8.5in 11.0in; margin:1.0in 1.25in 1.0in 1.25in; mso-header-margin:.5in; mso-footer-margin:.5in; mso-paper-source:0;} div.Section1 {page:Section1;} --> </style> <!--[if gte mso 10]> <style> /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0in; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-font-family:Cambria; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family:Cambria; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;} </style> <![endif]--> <!--StartFragment--> </div><p style="text-align: center; font-family: arial;" class="MsoNormal">Abstract</p><div style="text-align: center; font-family: arial;"> </div><p style="text-align: center; font-family: arial;" class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p><div style="text-align: center; font-family: arial;"> </div><p style="text-align: center; font-family: arial;" class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p><div style="text-align: center; font-family: arial;"> </div><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0.3in 0.0001pt 30pt; line-height: 200%; text-align: left; font-family: arial;">The purpose of this project was to examine how Social Justice Math can help students in urban school districts make real-world connections between the mandated curriculum, and issues and topics of need and concern in their own communities. The goal of Social Justice Math is to help students not only become more aware of the needs of their community through units of study such as this, but to become agents of change themselves. We selected Newark as our target community, and began our project with a walking tour of the city and neighborhoods encompassing several of its public high schools. Our tour, recorded in the form of field notes, revealed that the type of stores, businesses and services readily available to Newark citizens was severely limited in the poorer neighborhoods. This particular disparity between neighborhoods gave rise to a lesson plan and unit analyzing community businesses and services in poorer neighborhoods of Newark, and drawing comparisons to more affluent communities. Using SJM can enable students to “read their world” and develop creative solutions to real problems.</p><div style="text-align: center;"> <!--EndFragment--> </div>Jinhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01915399485283432198noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-542128141719099454.post-54653057782209510172009-05-07T12:35:00.000-07:002009-05-08T07:22:47.591-07:00What I've learned...I've learned that math can be taught in many ways that can be fun and innovative. There can't be any excuses of how math cannot be taught to students. Social justice math, SJM, is a great way to teach children from any background. This technique not only teaches students mathematics, but also connects them more to their community. As we have seen in the last book we read, students do want change. They have also shown great ability when provided the opportunity.<br />SJM allows students to have a chance to identify the problem as a group and work together to find a solution. Students were much more engaged in the classroom but more importantly they took ownership and felt empowered.<br /><br />Throughout our walking tour, we really found opportunities and situations that would fit into SJM and would create great lessons for students. It was really important for us to go down to Newark and see the city for ourselves. We all know that Newark has some poor performing schools. I hope that SJM can be used as a solution towards improving math performance and bring it closer to their lives.Jinhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01915399485283432198noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-542128141719099454.post-20084504978158621502009-04-18T21:49:00.000-07:002009-04-20T11:53:34.098-07:00Online Assignment#2<br />In Unequal Childhoods, many families from many different socioeconomic statuses were described and analyzed. We go one step further to check if these families could live in Essex County. After looking over the self-sufficiency wages in the NJRCL, it looks as though families such as the Tallingers, Williams, Marshalls, and Handlons that are middle class are well off enough to live in NJ pretty much unchanged.<br /><br />However, families such as the Brindles, Mc Allisters, and Taylors might not be so lucky. The annual self-sufficiency wage shows that families need to make about $39,299 and up to $61,017 for single parent homes. The three families previously mentioned would have a tough time surviving in Essex County. <br /><br />Unfortunately, I believe that there will need to be some hard decisions to be made. Take the Mc Allisters for example, they go through rough spells in terms of food. Living in Essex County might make this problem worse and lead to malnutrition and the consumption of fatty processed foods. These families will also have to live in the bigger cities such has Newark. From my walking tour in Newark, there was plenty of public transportation to get around. Necessities such as grocery stores were in relatively close distances. A major concern would also be the crime. Although, crime rates have slowly dropped over the years, that still has to be a major concern for the parents.<br /><br />#3<br />LSNJ paints a grim picture for those living in poverty. As I mentioned earlier, families of poverty who want to live in Essex County might have to live in cities such as Newark. While the Federal Poverty Level is at $17,600, to live in Essex County, it takes $39,299, which is a little over double! New Jersey is outrageously expensive! Reports show that Newark has an income inadequacy rate of 44 percent. To add on to the bad news, the average median household income for New Jersey is $55,146 from the census of 2000, the average median household income for Essex County was reported to be $44,944. The self-sufficient hourly wage ranges from $18.61-28.89.<br /><br />These findings don’t bode to well for the families in Unequal Childhoods if they were to live in Essex County. For one thing, any and all extra curricular activities would have to be stopped immediately. They might have to decide which bills to be now and later. There might be more frequent nights without food. Children won’t get the opportunity to try out or pursue interests such as sports. Their busy schedules will have a lot more free time open up. Free time is not necessarily a bad thing. It might help the kids be more independent.<br /><br />#4<br />These reports are just eye opening. The deeper I look at the numbers; it blows me away. I have lived my whole life in New Jersey, but after this I definitely question whether I truly know New Jersey and all of its deeper darker secrets. This information puts things in better perspectives.<br />As a future teacher, especially with the potential to work in an urban area, its important to know more about where the students come and the road they took to get to where they are now. One way to start that is to engage with the students and teach in a manner that relates to them as people. I also would need to do more research on the background of the urban district that I teach at, so I know what the current issues are. The more I know about the community, the more I can be proactive in it. In doing so, a natural result is trust in the community.<br /><br />This goes back to the inquiry project that Mark, and Rose Ellen are working on. One way in helping students in math is to bring application back to mathematics. We connect mathematics and the community. This type of curriculum has shown to engage students.It no longer becomes math as this difficult abstract task, but more as a tool to bring more awareness to the community.Jinhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01915399485283432198noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-542128141719099454.post-76041214873882806412009-04-06T10:55:00.000-07:002009-04-06T11:01:19.425-07:00Introduction to the Inquiry ProjectOver the years research has shown that urban schools are not performing well. With the introduction of No Child Left Behind, schools are not kept more accountable for the education of the children. Urban schools have shown to struggle greatly in academic performance. As No Child Left Behind has been policing these schools, the schools have changed their curriculum to focus more on getting better standardized test grades. The children are no longer getting a proper education, but rather ones that will help the school stay out of trouble, and any punishment that comes along with it. <br /><br />Our project presents a new perspective in teaching mathematics. It is a curriculum that has high hopes of engaging students as they learn mathematics. Social justice mathematics is an innovative way of connecting math to the student and student to the community. It is our hope that social justice math can not only teach a child mathematics, but educate them about the real world as well.Jinhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01915399485283432198noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-542128141719099454.post-2235427944050405332009-04-06T10:35:00.001-07:002009-04-06T10:45:37.434-07:00Post Reading After ThoughtsAfter reading the chapters, and going through discussion I noticed a lot of nature vs nurture differences. Looking at the perspective of middle class child vs poor child, just really made me think. Middle class parents are so involved and almost to the point of suffocating a child with things to do, giving that child no chance to get into any mischief but rather almost try to create the perfect human. The lower class family showed me that they let children do what they want and learn by nature and experience. Granted that parents might be working all the time, resulting in children having all this free time, but regardless, the child still does what he wants. Middle class children feel entitlement, and more often voice their opinion. They seem to try and negotiate with adults while lower class children just get yelled at and obey what the adult tells them. <br /><br />Classes will always be full of diversity. Knowing how children are raised can bring awareness of how to handle a classroom and more importantly an individual. The child's economic status does not necessarily mean that they are not as intelligent, but as a teacher I need to realize that kids are different and may need to be reached out in a different light.Jinhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01915399485283432198noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-542128141719099454.post-65849745636279501702009-03-30T10:16:00.000-07:002009-03-30T10:21:35.763-07:00Thoughts questions survey... 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normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Cambria","serif";">The group has been throwing lots of ideas out there hoping to narrow it down. Social justice math is so big.</span><b><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Cambria","serif";"> </span></b><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Cambria","serif";">Bigger than I initially thought.
<br /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><b><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Cambria","serif";">
<br /></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><b><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Cambria","serif";">TOPIC QUESTION:</span></b><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Cambria","serif";"> <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Cambria","serif";"> <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Cambria","serif";">Can social justice math be an effective teaching method in urban school districts? <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Cambria","serif";"> <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Cambria","serif";">SUBTOPICS: <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Cambria","serif";">1. What can educators infer from social justice math's implementation in the classroom through data or statistics,? <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Cambria","serif";">2. Is social justice math an effective form of teaching? <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Cambria","serif";">3. To gauge its effectiveness: <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Cambria","serif";"> Does it raise motivation and achievement for student? <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Cambria","serif";"> What data support this claim? <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Cambria","serif";"> Which school districts employ social justice math in the classroom? <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Cambria","serif";">4. Why do some districts choose not to employ social justice math? What is wrong with it?<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Cambria","serif";">5. How do teachers feel toward using social justice math in the classroom? <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Cambria","serif";">6. Can it help students deal with standardized testing? <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Cambria","serif";">
<br /> <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><b><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Cambria","serif";">QUALITATIVE DATA</span></b><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Cambria","serif";"> <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Cambria","serif";"> <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><b><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Cambria","serif";"> 1. Interviews:</span></b><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Cambria","serif";"> <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-indent: -0.25in; line-height: normal;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Cambria","serif";"><span style="">1.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Cambria","serif";">Eliza Leszczynski <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-indent: -0.25in; line-height: normal;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Cambria","serif";"><span style="">2.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Cambria","serif";">Brian Miller <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-indent: -0.25in; line-height: normal;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Cambria","serif";"><span style="">3.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Cambria","serif";">Rick Mcnamee (tentatively) <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Cambria","serif";"> <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Cambria","serif";">Teachers at Harvey Milk HS (East Village), New York City Algebra Project (Brooklyn), Acorn High School for Social Justice (Brooklyn), Bushwick School for Social Justice (Brooklyn) <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Cambria","serif";"> <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><b><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Cambria","serif";"> 2. Surveys:</span></b><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Cambria","serif";"> <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Cambria","serif";"> <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><b style=""><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Cambria","serif";">For students</span></b><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Cambria","serif";"> through Brian Miller, Rick Mcnamee, Harvey Milk HS (tentatively), New York City Algebra Project <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Cambria","serif";"> <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><b style=""><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Cambria","serif";">For teachers</span></b><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Cambria","serif";"> at Harvey Milk HS (East Village), New York City Algebra Project (Brooklyn), Acorn High School for Social Justice (Brooklyn), Bushwick School for Social Justice (Brooklyn) <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Cambria","serif";"> Student Survey:<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Cambria","serif";">1. What does the term "social justice" mean to you? <span style=""> </span>What does the term "social justice math” mean? <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Cambria","serif";">2. Do you feel that math should incorporate social,political and economic issues into its instruction, such as with a social justice math curriculum? Why/why not? <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Cambria","serif";">3. Is it important for students to have an understanding of social, political and economic issues locally and around the world? <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Cambria","serif";">4. Should developing a "social consciousness" be an important part of your educational experiences? <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Cambria","serif";">4. Can math empower students to analyze and potentially change the world? <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Cambria","serif";">5. Do you think higher-level thinking about the larger mathematical ideas is important? Why/why not? <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Cambria","serif";">6. Could incorporating social justice math motivate more students to learn math? <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Cambria","serif";">7. Do you think math would be more engaging if it was "real world" rather than "theory"? <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Cambria","serif";">8. If you were given the opportunity, would you choose to participate in actual community problem-solving projects? <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Cambria","serif";"> <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Cambria","serif";"> Teacher Survey:<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Cambria","serif";">1. What do you know about social justice math? <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Cambria","serif";">1. Do you currently use social justice math in your classes? <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Cambria","serif";">2. How would you summarize its basic purpose? <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Cambria","serif";">3. What do you feel are the positive outcomes of using social justice math in a classroom? <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Cambria","serif";">4. What do you feel are the negative aspects to using social justice math in a classroom? <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Cambria","serif";">5. Can you describe your personal experiences using social justice math in the classroom? <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Cambria","serif";">6. Can you give examples of lessons you have brought to the classroom incorporating social justice math? <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Cambria","serif";">7. Rate the following on a scale of 1 (least likely) to 5 (most likely):<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Cambria","serif";"> - Social justice math can help me differentiate the curriculum more easily.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Cambria","serif";"> - Social justice math can help me create interdisciplinary and thematic units.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Cambria","serif";"> - Social justice math can help me learn about my students' families and their communities.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Cambria","serif";"> - Social justice math can help me assess learning within a meaningful context. <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Cambria","serif";"> <b> </b> <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Cambria","serif";"> <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><b><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Cambria","serif";"> 3. Qualitative Research </span></b><span style="color: red;">[citations in red have not been read, but seem to fit criteria]</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Cambria","serif";"> <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-indent: -0.25in; line-height: normal;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Symbol;"><span style="">·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Cambria","serif";">Christiansen. (2007). Some tensions in mathematics education for democracy.</span></b><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Cambria","serif";"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 1in; text-indent: -0.25in; line-height: normal;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="">o<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Cambria","serif";">A qualitative study of four mathematics classrooms and some of the tensions and benefits of teaching social justice math. <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-indent: 2.25pt; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Cambria","serif";"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-indent: -0.25in; line-height: normal;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Symbol;"><span style="">·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; color: red;" lang="ES">Gutstein, Lipman, Hernandez, & de los Reyes. </span></b><b><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; color: red;">(1997). Culturally relevant mathematics teaching in a Mexican American context. </span></b><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Cambria","serif";"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 1in; text-indent: -0.25in; line-height: normal;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="">o<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Cambria","serif";">A qualitative study of Mexican American elementary/middle school <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-indent: 2.25pt; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Cambria","serif";"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-indent: -0.25in; line-height: normal;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Symbol;"><span style="">·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Cambria","serif";">Gutstein. (2003). Teaching and Learning Mathematics for Social Justice in an Urban, Latino School.</span></b><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Cambria","serif";"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 1in; text-indent: -0.25in; line-height: normal;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="">o<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Cambria","serif";">A qualitative study of 7th and 8th grade Latino/a students in a midwestern public school who learned mathematics using the curricular program Mathematics in Context (MiC) as well as special projects on social justice math<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-indent: 2.25pt; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Cambria","serif";"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-indent: -0.25in; line-height: normal;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Symbol;"><span style="">·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Cambria","serif";">Gutstein. (2006). The real World as We Have Seen It: Latino/a Parents' Voices on Teaching Mathematics for Social Justice</span></b><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Cambria","serif";"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 1in; text-indent: -0.25in; line-height: normal;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="">o<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Cambria","serif";">A qualitative study of Latino/a parents who supported social justice math in their children's 7th grade classroom in the Chicago public schools<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-indent: 2.25pt; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Cambria","serif";"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-indent: -0.25in; line-height: normal;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Symbol;"><span style="">·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; color: red;">Skovsmose. (1994). Towards a Critical Mathematics Education.</span></b><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Cambria","serif";"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 1in; text-indent: -0.25in; line-height: normal;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="">o<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Cambria","serif";">This article uses a class project that uses social justice math to explain math literacy (or mathemacy) and the importance of a critical mathematics education. It implements several units that could be used in a social justice math setting.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-indent: 2.25pt; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Cambria","serif";"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-indent: -0.25in; line-height: normal;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Symbol;"><span style="">·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; color: red;">Telese. (1999, May). Mexican American high school students' perceptions of mathematics and mathematics teaching.</span></b><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Cambria","serif";"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 1in; text-indent: -0.25in; line-height: normal;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="">o<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Cambria","serif";">A survey of Mexican American high school students and their perceptions of mathematics and mathematics teaching in traditional and reform classrooms. <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-indent: 2.25pt; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Cambria","serif";"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-indent: -0.25in; line-height: normal;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Symbol;"><span style="">·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; color: red;">Treisman. (1992). </span></b><b><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; color: red;">Studying Students Studying Calculus: A Look at the Lives of Minority Mathematics Students in College. </span></b><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Cambria","serif";"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 1in; text-indent: -0.25in; line-height: normal;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="">o<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; color: black;">A lecture given as one of the Mary P. Dolciani lectures at Hunter College. Embeded within is a qualitative study of college freshman, in particular minorities (African americans and Asians), their motivation towards studying and understanding mathematics (in particular calculus), and how the college system failed them </span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Cambria","serif";"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-indent: 2.25pt; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Cambria","serif";"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-indent: -0.25in; line-height: normal;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Symbol;"><span style="">·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Cambria","serif";"><a href="http://www.radicalmath/"><span style="color: blue;">www.radicalmath</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 1in; text-indent: -0.25in; line-height: normal;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="">o<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Cambria","serif";">A chart of possible topics for social justice math classroom use; how to implement social justice math into the classroom; advantages and disadvantages to using social justice math in the classroom<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Cambria","serif";"> <o:p></o:p></span></p> <table class="MsoNormalTable" style="" border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"> <tbody><tr style="height: 13.35pt;"> <td style="padding: 0in; width: 81.75pt; height: 13.35pt;" valign="top" width="109"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><b><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Cambria","serif";">Math Topic</span></b><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Cambria","serif";"><o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> <td style="padding: 0in; width: 211.5pt; height: 13.35pt;" valign="top" width="282"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><b><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Cambria","serif";">Social Justice Issues</span></b><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Cambria","serif";"><o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> <td style="padding: 0in; width: 176.25pt; height: 13.35pt;" valign="top" width="235"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><b><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Cambria","serif";">Some Useful Websites</span></b><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Cambria","serif";"><o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr style="height: 14.15pt;"> <td style="padding: 0in; width: 81.75pt; height: 14.15pt;" valign="top" width="109"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><b><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Cambria","serif";">Adding</span></b><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Cambria","serif";"><o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> <td style="padding: 0in; width: 211.5pt; height: 14.15pt;" valign="top" width="282"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><b><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Cambria","serif";">Basic Family Budgets</span></b><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Cambria","serif";"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Cambria","serif";">Determining how much money a family needs to survive, live comfortably, etc.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><b><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Cambria","serif";">Mayan Mathematics</span></b><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Cambria","serif";"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Cambria","serif";">Learn how to add, subtract, multiply in a base 20 system<o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> <td style="padding: 0in; width: 176.25pt; height: 14.15pt;" valign="top" width="235"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Cambria","serif";"> <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Cambria","serif";"><a href="http://www.epinet.org/content.cfm/datazone_fambud_budget"><span style="color: blue;">http://www.epinet.org/content.cfm/datazone_fambud_budget</span></a> <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Cambria","serif";"> <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Cambria","serif";"> <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; color: black;"><a href="http://www.dpsk12.org/programs/almaproject/pdf/MayanMathematics.pdf"><span style="color: blue;">http://www.dpsk12.org/programs/almaproject/pdf/MayanMathematics.pdf</span></a></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Cambria","serif";"> <o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr style="height: 14.15pt;"> <td style="padding: 0in; width: 81.75pt; height: 14.15pt;" valign="top" width="109"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><b><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Cambria","serif";">Averages</span></b><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Cambria","serif";"><o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> <td style="padding: 0in; width: 211.5pt; height: 14.15pt;" valign="top" width="282"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><b><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Cambria","serif";">Union Salaries</span></b><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Cambria","serif";"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Cambria","serif";">Union officials and Management often have different ways to come up with the “average salary” of a worker. Use real data to understand how the mean, median, or mode could each be used here, and the difference between the average each one gave.<o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> <td style="padding: 0in; width: 176.25pt; height: 14.15pt;" valign="top" width="235"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Cambria","serif";"> <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Cambria","serif";"><a href="http://www.bls.gov/ces/home.htm#data"><span style="color: blue;">http://www.bls.gov/ces/home.htm#data</span></a> <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Cambria","serif";"> <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Cambria","serif";"><a href="http://www.unionstats.com/"><span style="color: blue;">http://www.unionstats.com/</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Cambria","serif";"> <o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr style="height: 14.15pt;"> <td style="padding: 0in; width: 81.75pt; height: 14.15pt;" valign="top" width="109"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><b><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Cambria","serif";">Combinations</span></b><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Cambria","serif";"><o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> <td style="padding: 0in; width: 211.5pt; height: 14.15pt;" valign="top" width="282"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><b><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Cambria","serif";">The Lottery</span></b><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Cambria","serif";"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Cambria","serif";">Study how the Lottery works, why it’s nearly impossible to win, and the economic damage it causes<o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> <td style="padding: 0in; width: 176.25pt; height: 14.15pt;" valign="top" width="235"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Cambria","serif";"> <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Cambria","serif";"><a href="http://mathforum.org/library/drmath/view/56122.html"><span style="color: blue;">http://mathforum.org/library/drmath/view/56122.html</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr style="height: 14.15pt;"> <td style="padding: 0in; width: 81.75pt; height: 14.15pt;" valign="top" width="109"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><b><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Cambria","serif";">Exponents</span></b><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Cambria","serif";"><o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> <td style="padding: 0in; width: 211.5pt; height: 14.15pt;" valign="top" width="282"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><b><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Cambria","serif";">Compound Interest</span></b><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Cambria","serif";"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><b><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Cambria","serif";">Population Growth </span></b><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Cambria","serif";"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Cambria","serif";">Growth/decline of food and water resources, cities<o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> <td style="padding: 0in; width: 176.25pt; height: 14.15pt;" valign="top" width="235"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Cambria","serif";"> <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Cambria","serif";">World Population Growth:<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Cambria","serif";"><a href="http://www.census.gov/ipc/www/worldpop.html"><span style="color: blue;">http://www.census.gov/ipc/www/worldpop.html</span></a> <o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr style="height: 14.15pt;"> <td style="padding: 0in; width: 81.75pt; height: 14.15pt;" valign="top" width="109"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><b><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Cambria","serif";">Fractions</span></b><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Cambria","serif";"><o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> <td style="padding: 0in; width: 211.5pt; height: 14.15pt;" valign="top" width="282"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><b><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Cambria","serif";">War Budgets</span></b><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Cambria","serif";"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Cambria","serif";">Comparing budgets for defense department to budgets for other social services to the total budget.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Cambria","serif";">Comparing how money spent on military operations could be used to support other important causes (ex: if a bomb costs $10 million and a it costs $10,000 to provide health care for an entire family for a year, how many families could get health care for the cost of this bomb).<o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> <td style="padding: 0in; width: 176.25pt; height: 14.15pt;" valign="top" width="235"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Cambria","serif";"> <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Cambria","serif";"><a href="http://www.warresisters.org/piechart.htm"><span style="color: blue;">http://www.warresisters.org/piechart.htm</span></a> <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Cambria","serif";"> <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Cambria","serif";"> <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Cambria","serif";"> <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Cambria","serif";"><a href="http://costofwar.com/index.html"><span style="color: blue;">http://costofwar.com/index.html</span></a> <o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr style="height: 275.1pt;"> <td style="padding: 0in; width: 81.75pt; height: 275.1pt;" valign="top" width="109"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><b><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Cambria","serif";">Geometry</span></b><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Cambria","serif";"><o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> <td style="padding: 0in; width: 211.5pt; height: 275.1pt;" valign="top" width="282"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><b><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Cambria","serif";">Liquor Stores</span></b><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Cambria","serif";"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Cambria","serif";">Look at how many liquor stores are within a 1-mile radius or within 5 blocks of your school. This can be compared with schools in other neighborhoods<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><b><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Cambria","serif";">Environmental Racism</span></b><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Cambria","serif";"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Cambria","serif";">Determine the density of toxic waste facilities, factories, dumps, etc, in the neighborhood<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><b><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Cambria","serif";">Gentrification</span></b><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Cambria","serif";"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Cambria","serif";">Change in the density of people in a neighborhood (by race/income)<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><b><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Cambria","serif";">Ethnomathematics</span></b><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Cambria","serif";"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Cambria","serif";">African Fractals<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Cambria","serif";">Tesselations<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Cambria","serif";">Origami<o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> <td style="padding: 0in; width: 176.25pt; height: 275.1pt;" valign="top" width="235"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.25in; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Cambria","serif";"> <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Cambria","serif";"><a href="http://www.brainzip.com/"><span style="color: blue;">www.brainzip.com</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Cambria","serif";"><a href="http://www.maps.google.com/"><span style="color: blue;">maps.google.com</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Cambria","serif";"> <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Cambria","serif";"><a href="http://www.epa.gov/enviro/wme"><span style="color: blue;">www.epa.gov/enviro/wme</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Cambria","serif";"> <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Cambria","serif";"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Cambria","serif";"><a href="http://www.census.gov/"><span style="color: blue;">www.census.gov</span></a> <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Cambria","serif";"> <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Cambria","serif";"> <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Cambria","serif";"><a href="http://www.rpi.edu/%7Eeglash/eglash.dir/afractal/afractal.htm"><span style="color: blue;">http://www.rpi.edu/~eglash/eglash.dir/afractal/afractal.htm</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Cambria","serif";"><a href="http://mathforum.org/sum95/suzanne/tess.intro.html"><span style="color: blue;">http://mathforum.org/sum95/suzanne/tess.intro.html</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Cambria","serif";"><a href="http://www.paperfolding.com/"><span style="color: blue;">www.paperfolding.com</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr style="height: 14.15pt;"> <td style="padding: 0in; width: 81.75pt; height: 14.15pt;" valign="top" width="109"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><b><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Cambria","serif";">Graphing</span></b><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Cambria","serif";"><o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> <td style="padding: 0in; width: 211.5pt; height: 14.15pt;" valign="top" width="282"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><b><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Cambria","serif";">Line Graphs</span></b><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Cambria","serif";"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Cambria","serif";">Incarceration rates for different populations, races<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><b><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Cambria","serif";">Pie Graphs</span></b><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Cambria","serif";"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Cambria","serif";">Budgets – Determining what percent of your taxes went to each branch of the government <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><b><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Cambria","serif";">Scatterplot Graphs</span></b><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Cambria","serif";"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Cambria","serif";">Correlation between % any two of the following factors: percent of population that is people of color, rates of poverty, crime, health issues (rates of asthma, AIDS, diabetes, obesity, etc), pollution, etc.<o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> <td style="padding: 0in; width: 176.25pt; height: 14.15pt;" valign="top" width="235"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Cambria","serif";"> <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Cambria","serif";">Total: <a href="http://www.ojp.usdoj.gov/bjs/glance/tables/corr2tab.htm"><span style="color: blue;">http://www.ojp.usdoj.gov/bjs/glance/tables/corr2tab.htm</span></a> <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Cambria","serif";">By Race: <a href="http://www.ojp.usdoj.gov/bjs/pub/pdf/cpus9701.pdf"><span style="color: blue;">http://www.ojp.usdoj.gov/bjs/pub/pdf/cpus9701.pdf</span></a> <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Cambria","serif";"> <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Cambria","serif";"><a href="http://www.nationalpriorities.org/auxiliary/interactivetaxchart/taxchart.html"><span style="color: blue;">http://www.nationalpriorities.org/auxiliary/interactivetaxchart/taxchart.html</span></a> <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Cambria","serif";"> <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Cambria","serif";"> <a href="http://www.census.gov/"><span style="color: blue;">www.census.gov</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Cambria","serif";"> <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Cambria","serif";"><a href="http://www.infoshare.org/"><span style="color: blue;">www.infoshare.org</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Cambria","serif";"> <o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr style="height: 14.15pt;"> <td style="padding: 0in; width: 81.75pt; height: 14.15pt;" valign="top" width="109"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><b><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Cambria","serif";">Inequalities</span></b><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Cambria","serif";"><o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> <td style="padding: 0in; width: 211.5pt; height: 14.15pt;" valign="top" width="282"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><b><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Cambria","serif";">Small Business</span></b><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Cambria","serif";"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Cambria","serif";">By creating a number of algebraic inequalities that describe limits a business is working with (ie. time, supplies), you can graph multiple inequalities (or by using systems) to determine the number of products (x,y) to make that would maximize the profit.<o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> <td style="padding: 0in; width: 176.25pt; height: 14.15pt;" valign="top" width="235"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Cambria","serif";"> <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Cambria","serif";"><a href="http://www.sbma.gov/"><span style="color: blue;">www.sbma.gov</span></a> <o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr style="height: 14.15pt;"> <td style="padding: 0in; width: 81.75pt; height: 14.15pt;" valign="top" width="109"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><b><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Cambria","serif";">Logarithms</span></b><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Cambria","serif";"><o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> <td style="padding: 0in; width: 211.5pt; height: 14.15pt;" valign="top" width="282"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><b><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Cambria","serif";">Growth Rates</span></b><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Cambria","serif";"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Cambria","serif";">People, prisoners, AIDS cases, health factors, etc.<o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> <td style="padding: 0in; width: 176.25pt; height: 14.15pt;" valign="top" width="235"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Cambria","serif";">Global Health: <a href="http://globalatlas.who.int/"><span style="color: blue;">http://globalatlas.who.int/</span></a> <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Cambria","serif";"> <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Cambria","serif";">Also: See other resources listed<o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr style="height: 14.15pt;"> <td style="padding: 0in; width: 81.75pt; height: 14.15pt;" valign="top" width="109"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><b><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Cambria","serif";">Percents</span></b><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Cambria","serif";"><o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> <td style="padding: 0in; width: 211.5pt; height: 14.15pt;" valign="top" width="282"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><b><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Cambria","serif";">Interest & Compound Interest</span></b><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Cambria","serif";"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Cambria","serif";">Making money through a Savings Account<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Cambria","serif";">Increasing debt on a Credit Card<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Cambria","serif";">Payday and Tax Refund Loans<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Cambria","serif";">Predatory Lending<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Cambria","serif";">Mortgage Payments<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Cambria","serif";">APR – how it works, comparing different APR’s<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><b><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Cambria","serif";">Growth Rate</span></b><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Cambria","serif";"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Cambria","serif";">Growth in rates of homelessness, poverty, people in jail, etc.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><b><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Cambria","serif";">Proportions, ex:</span></b><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Cambria","serif";"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Cambria","serif";">Percent of each race in total population vs. incarcerated (or in the military, killed in the war, dropping out of high school, college graduates, etc)<o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> <td style="padding: 0in; width: 176.25pt; height: 14.15pt;" valign="top" width="235"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Cambria","serif";"> <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Cambria","serif";"> <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Cambria","serif";"><a href="http://www.demos.org/page37.cfm"><span style="color: blue;">http://www.demos.org/page37.cfm</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Cambria","serif";"> <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Cambria","serif";"><a href="http://www.nedap.org/resources/documents/FINALRALSREPORT.pdf"><span style="color: blue;">http://www.nedap.org/resources/documents/FINALRALSREPORT.pdf</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Cambria","serif";"><a href="http://nedap.org/programs/fairlending.html"><span style="color: blue;">http://nedap.org/programs/fairlending.html</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Cambria","serif";"> <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Cambria","serif";"> <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Cambria","serif";">Poverty:<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Cambria","serif";"><a href="http://www.census.gov/hhes/www/poverty/histpov/histpovtb.html"><span style="color: blue;">http://www.census.gov/hhes/www/poverty/histpov/histpovtb.html</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Cambria","serif";"> <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Cambria","serif";">Health:<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Cambria","serif";"><a href="http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/hus/hus05.pdf"><span style="color: blue;">http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/hus/hus05.pdf</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Cambria","serif";"> <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Cambria","serif";">Housing:<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Cambria","serif";"><a href="http://www.census.gov/hhes/www/housing.html"><span style="color: blue;">http://www.census.gov/hhes/www/housing.html</span></a> <o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr style="height: 53.05pt;"> <td style="padding: 0in; width: 81.75pt; height: 53.05pt;" valign="top" width="109"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><b><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Cambria","serif";">Probability</span></b><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Cambria","serif";"><o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> <td style="padding: 0in; width: 211.5pt; height: 53.05pt;" valign="top" width="282"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><b><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Cambria","serif";">Racial Profiling</span></b><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Cambria","serif";"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Cambria","serif";">Explore the probability that a traffic stop should be (and is) of a person of color<o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> <td style="padding: 0in; width: 176.25pt; height: 53.05pt;" valign="top" width="235"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Cambria","serif";"> <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Cambria","serif";"><a href="http://www.racialprofilinganalysis.neu.edu/"><span style="color: blue;">http://www.racialprofilinganalysis.neu.edu/</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Cambria","serif";"> <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Cambria","serif";"><a href="http://www.census.gov/"><span style="color: blue;">www.census.gov</span></a> <o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr style="height: 66.55pt;"> <td style="padding: 0in; width: 81.75pt; height: 66.55pt;" valign="top" width="109"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><b><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Cambria","serif";">Rates</span></b><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Cambria","serif";"><o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> <td style="padding: 0in; width: 211.5pt; height: 66.55pt;" valign="top" width="282"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><b><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Cambria","serif";">Prison growth</span></b><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Cambria","serif";"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Cambria","serif";">Rates of different races and genders becoming incarcerated<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Cambria","serif";">Compared to growth of high school graduates<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Cambria","serif";">Compared to growth of funding for higher education<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><b><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Cambria","serif";">Population growth</span></b><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Cambria","serif";"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Cambria","serif";">In different countries (also good for looking at a <b>population density)</b><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Cambria","serif";">Compared to resources (food, oil, water, etc) available<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><b><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Cambria","serif";">Resource Density</span></b><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Cambria","serif";"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Cambria","serif";">Density of banks compared to check-cashers and pawn shops in rich vs. poor communities<o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> <td style="padding: 0in; width: 176.25pt; height: 66.55pt;" valign="top" width="235"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Cambria","serif";"> <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Cambria","serif";"><a href="http://www.ojp.usdoj.gov/bjs/abstract/p04.htm"><span style="color: blue;">http://www.ojp.usdoj.gov/bjs/abstract/p04.htm</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Cambria","serif";"> <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Cambria","serif";"> <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Cambria","serif";"><a href="http://nces.ed.gov/pubs2002/dropout91_97/all_tables.asp"><span style="color: blue;">http://nces.ed.gov/pubs2002/dropout91_97/all_tables.asp</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Cambria","serif";"> <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Cambria","serif";"><a href="http://coe.ilstu.edu/grapevine/Welcome.htm"><span style="color: blue;">http://coe.ilstu.edu/grapevine/Welcome.htm</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Cambria","serif";"> <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Cambria","serif";"> <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Cambria","serif";"> <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Cambria","serif";"> <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Cambria","serif";"><a href="http://www.nedap.org/programs/mapgallery.html"><span style="color: blue;">http://www.nedap.org/programs/mapgallery.html</span></a> <o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr style="height: 17.05pt;"> <td style="padding: 0in; width: 81.75pt; height: 17.05pt;" valign="top" width="109"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><b><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Cambria","serif";">Regression</span></b><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Cambria","serif";"><o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> <td style="padding: 0in; width: 211.5pt; height: 17.05pt;" valign="top" width="282"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><b><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Cambria","serif";">See “Scatterplot Graphing” above</span></b><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Cambria","serif";"><o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> <td style="padding: 0in; width: 176.25pt; height: 17.05pt;" valign="top" width="235"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Cambria","serif";"> <o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr style="height: 21.55pt;"> <td style="padding: 0in; width: 81.75pt; height: 21.55pt;" valign="top" width="109"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><b><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Cambria","serif";">Slope</span></b><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Cambria","serif";"><o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> <td style="padding: 0in; width: 211.5pt; height: 21.55pt;" valign="top" width="282"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><b><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Cambria","serif";">Rates of Increase/Decrease of:</span></b><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Cambria","serif";"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Cambria","serif";">People in prison<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Cambria","serif";">Poverty<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Cambria","serif";">Population<o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> <td style="padding: 0in; width: 176.25pt; height: 21.55pt;" valign="top" width="235"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Cambria","serif";"> <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Cambria","serif";">See resources listed above<o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr style="height: 13.35pt;"> <td style="padding: 0in; width: 81.75pt; height: 13.35pt;" valign="top" width="109"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><b><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Cambria","serif";">Statistics</span></b><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Cambria","serif";"><o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> <td style="padding: 0in; width: 211.5pt; height: 13.35pt;" valign="top" width="282"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><b><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Cambria","serif";">Community Surveys</span></b><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Cambria","serif";"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Cambria","serif";">Teach students how to write surveys, and then survey your school or local community about any social issue. Statistical analysis can be used to understand the results: averages, ranges, frequency tables, graphing, correlation, percents, hypothesis testing, variance, standard deviation, etc.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><b><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Cambria","serif";">Racial Profiling</span></b><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Cambria","serif";"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Cambria","serif";">Try different sampling experiments to understand the why having a disproportionate number of drivers of color stopped by police is unfair<o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> <td style="padding: 0in; width: 176.25pt; height: 13.35pt;" valign="top" width="235"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Cambria","serif";"> <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Cambria","serif";"><a href="http://www.datacenter.org/"><span style="color: blue;">www.datacenter.org</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Cambria","serif";"> <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Cambria","serif";">See above links for Statistical data to analyze<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Cambria","serif";"> <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Cambria","serif";"> <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Cambria","serif";"> <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Cambria","serif";"> <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Cambria","serif";"> <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Cambria","serif";"> <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Cambria","serif";"> <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Cambria","serif";"> <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Cambria","serif";"> <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Cambria","serif";"><a href="http://www.racialprofilinganalysis.neu.edu/"><span style="color: blue;">http://www.racialprofilinganalysis.neu.edu/</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Cambria","serif";"> <o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr style="height: 14.15pt;"> <td style="padding: 0in; width: 81.75pt; height: 14.15pt;" valign="top" width="109"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><b><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Cambria","serif";">Systems</span></b><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Cambria","serif";"><o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> <td style="padding: 0in; width: 211.5pt; height: 14.15pt;" valign="top" width="282"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><b><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Cambria","serif";">Resource Availability</span></b><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Cambria","serif";"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Cambria","serif";">Determining at what point the resources available and societies needs will be the same (such as need for housing and new housing available<o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> <td style="padding: 0in; width: 176.25pt; height: 14.15pt;" valign="top" width="235"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Cambria","serif";"> <o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Cambria","serif";"> <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Cambria","serif";"> Integrating social justice with mathematics and scinece: an analysis of student teacher lessons<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Cambria","serif";"> Barbara Garii, Audrey C. Rule<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 59.25pt; text-indent: -0.25in; line-height: normal;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Symbol;"><span style="">·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Cambria","serif";">A qualitative analysis of how student teachers incorporate social justice into math and science classes<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Cambria","serif";"> <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Cambria","serif";"> <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><b><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Cambria","serif";">QUANTITATIVE DATA: </span></b><span style="color: red;">[citations in red have not been read, but seem to fit criteria]</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Cambria","serif";"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Cambria","serif";"> <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-indent: -0.25in; line-height: normal;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Symbol;"><span style="">·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Cambria","serif";">Winter (2007) Infusing Mathematics with Culture: Teaching Technical Subjects for Social Justice</span></b><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Cambria","serif";"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 1in; text-indent: -0.25in; line-height: normal;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="">o<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Cambria","serif";">A quantitative study that provides statistical data demonstrating that social and cultural learning can be infused into technical courses without negatively affecting content area learning<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-indent: 2.25pt; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Cambria","serif";"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-indent: -0.25in; line-height: normal;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Symbol;"><span style="">·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; color: red;">West and Davis (2005). Research Related to the Algebra Project’s Intervention to Improve Student Learning in Mathematics.</span></b><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; color: red;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Cambria","serif";"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 1in; text-indent: -0.25in; line-height: normal;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="">o<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; color: black;">A quantitative study of the Algebra Project as provided by Lesley College for the State of Virginia's Department of Education. </span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Cambria","serif";"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 1in; text-indent: -0.25in; line-height: normal;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Courier New";"><span style="">o<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; color: black;">It demonstrates that the Algebra Project served to bolster test scores for traditionally under-achieving students.</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Cambria","serif";"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Cambria","serif";"> <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Cambria","serif";"> <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Cambria","serif";"> <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Cambria","serif";"> <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Cambria","serif";"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> Jinhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01915399485283432198noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-542128141719099454.post-3993595977531004802009-03-23T13:09:00.002-07:002009-03-23T13:15:10.150-07:00Final Project TopicI've chosen to go with social justice in mathematics. It is where social and economic issues meet mathematics in the classroom. It sounds like an interesting concept, however, there are questions to be asked.<div><br /><div>It'll be interesting to see what the benefits are, but also if the benefits are so good, why haven't more schools start using social justice mathematics?</div><div>How does a teacher implement social justice mathematics in their schools?</div><div>Can they fullfill the standards of NCLB and other state standards?</div><div>Is this just another short term method?</div></div>Jinhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01915399485283432198noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-542128141719099454.post-27771125017365814552009-03-23T13:09:00.001-07:002009-03-23T13:09:25.917-07:00Annotated Bibliography<!--StartFragment--> <p class="MsoNormal">Annotated Bibliography</p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size:16.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">Sriraman, B., & Steinthorsdottir, O. (2007, June 26). Emancipatory and Social Justice Perspectives in Mathematics Education. <i>Interchange</i>, <i>38</i>(2), 195-202.</span><o:p></o:p></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal">The article discusses the possibility for mathematics to serve as a means for understanding the reality in which we live in.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>Critical mathematics provide challenges to worldly issues such as globalization, content and applications, and empowerment of mathematics.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>The goal is to increase and impact on social awareness of students and open their eyes to larger and more important real world issues, such as mortgage approval rates in bigger cities according to race, or using the cost of a B-2 bomber to compute how many poorer students could be put through school.</p> <p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;mso-pagination: none;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size:16.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">Gutstein, E. (2007). Connecting Community, Critical, and Classical Knowledge in teaching mathematics for social justice. The Montana Mathematics Enthusiast, Monograph 1(2007), 109-118.<o:p></o:p></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:16.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman""> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal">The article discusses having students learn mathematics, not just as subject knowledge, but instead as a vehicle for social change.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>Using the frame work of critical (understanding why things are), community (what people already know), and classical (formal in-school) knowledge, the article explains how using social justice math can develop and strengthen all three aspects.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>Students were also very engaged and worked together to figure problems out.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>Students are able to examine their own lived experiences, deepen sociopolitical awareness, and learn mathematics.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>It helps students to be better citizens, and also reshape their view on mathematics.</p> <p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;mso-pagination: none;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size:16.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">Hodge, L. (2006, December 15). An Orientation on the Mathematics Classroom that Emphasizes Power and Identity: Reflecting on Equity Research. <i>Urban Review</i>, <i>38</i>(5), 373-385.<o:p></o:p></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size:16.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman""> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal">Students in classrooms have power and identity struggles, which in turn can translate into society.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>These issues can be addressed in classrooms using mathematics as a tool to break those struggles.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>Teachers need to start by focusing mathematics to become more engaging, which results in students doing things with purpose rather than just going through the motions.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>Participation is important and has its consequences for mathematical learning.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>Student participation allows students to be members in the classroom as a community and imply if they are “in the game” mathematically.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>It can hinder the opportunities students have to learn mathematics.</p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size:16.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">de Freitas, E. (2008, March 1). Troubling Teacher Identity: Preparing Mathematics Teachers to Teach for Diversity. <i>Teaching Education</i>, <i>19</i>(1), 43-55.<o:p></o:p></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal">The article reports on an action research project to look into the complexities of pre-service teacher resistance to social justice issues.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>Twelve pre-service mathematics teachers participated in a course-based research project.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>Participants completed a classroom discourse analysis, and self study narrative as part of methodology to explore social justice issues.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>Evidence from this exploration has shown that teachers need to first bring awareness of their own identity not just as mathematics teachers.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>In doing so will result in better prepared mathematics teachers, to deal with diversity of classrooms, but address social issues in the classroom.</p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family:Helvetica"><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family:Helvetica">Matthews, L. (2005). Towards Design of Clarifying Equity Messages in Mathematics Reform. <i>The High School Journal</i>, <i>4</i>(88), 46-58.<o:p></o:p></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal">In our nation today, the melting pot of cultures are becoming more mixed.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>Mathematical teaching and learning must realize that it is heavily influenced by language and communication.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>Language contributes to the existing literature surrounding mathematics pedagogy and learning in Multilanguage settings.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>The article covers the importance of language.</p> <p class="MsoNormal">There is a strong stance that a students’ home language can be used as a resource that teachers can use.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>They can use it to support learning.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>Secondly, the article states that there is evidence that students’ home languages can be assets in learning mathematics.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>It discusses how bilingualism can be a cognitive resource in aiding metacognition.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>The Welsh number structure can facilitate students’ understanding of number size and order.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>Other teachers have looked upon culturally embedded literacy practices to develop mathematic problems.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>Third, the article makes it clear that the multilingualism is a complex cognitive and social phenomenon.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>Meanings of mathematical words cannot be considered apart from the way that learners conceptualize those words in their home language with interact with learning.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal">The emphasis of multiple language in the classroom is increasing due to migration as the world is becoming more globalized.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>Macroeconomics forces affect the classrooms, teachers, communities, and students.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>With more immigrants entering the US, there can be risk for high volatility, and conflicts, which then can negatively affect the teacher as verbal attacks can aimed towards immigrants, which is a glimpse of what school environments are like.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>However, eliminating native languages is oppressive and takes away the dignity and humanity of the students.</p> <p class="MsoNormal">To teach students with goals of equity and access for multilingual students, then teachers must build on students’ mother languages.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>It validates their cultures and will become an integral part of developing mathematical literacy.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>Schools can prepare students through their mathematics education to critique and analyze injustice and to develop a view of themselves as historical actors able to effect change.</p> <p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p> <!--EndFragment-->Jinhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01915399485283432198noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-542128141719099454.post-30118235130370853632009-03-02T15:03:00.000-08:002009-03-09T13:30:10.523-07:00Culture Paper<meta equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"><meta name="ProgId" content="Word.Document"><meta name="Generator" content="Microsoft Word 12"><meta name="Originator" content="Microsoft Word 12"><link rel="File-List" href="file:///C:%5CDOCUME%7E1%5Clabuser%5CLOCALS%7E1%5CTemp%5Cmsohtmlclip1%5C01%5Cclip_filelist.xml"><link rel="themeData" href="file:///C:%5CDOCUME%7E1%5Clabuser%5CLOCALS%7E1%5CTemp%5Cmsohtmlclip1%5C01%5Cclip_themedata.thmx"><link rel="colorSchemeMapping" href="file:///C:%5CDOCUME%7E1%5Clabuser%5CLOCALS%7E1%5CTemp%5Cmsohtmlclip1%5C01%5Cclip_colorschememapping.xml"><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:worddocument> 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{page:Section1;} --> </style><!--[if gte mso 10]> <style> /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-para-margin-top:0in; mso-para-margin-right:0in; mso-para-margin-bottom:10.0pt; mso-para-margin-left:0in; line-height:115%; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;} </style> <![endif]--> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 0.5in; line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Culture is influenced by so many things such as race, and religion.<span style=""> </span>For me, the majority of my influence came from my Korean parents, and church.<span style=""> </span>My parents are conservative, and that really rubbed off on me.<span style=""> </span>They also taught me to appreciate what I have and to be smart about how I spend my money.<span style=""> </span>They are a big influence in my life to where I am today.<span style=""> </span>Church was an influence too.<span style=""> </span>I had an awful experience in church.<span style=""> </span>I didn’t like the people there.<span style=""> </span>I just felt so out of place.<span style=""> </span>Maybe that was just because I was from a different part of NJ that did not have that many Koreans, but I just never connected with them.<span style=""> </span>Looking back, it is ironic that now, my life is surrounded by Korean people.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 0.5in; line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Just as one’s culture is formed from influences; it is easy to have one particular view on other issues.<span style=""> </span>This is one thing I’ve noticed about churched people for example they are quick to judge others.<span style=""> </span>In Korean culture, you want to show off your wealth.<span style=""> </span>There is not much humility.<span style=""> </span>So growing up, brand names were all the rage.<span style=""> </span>Sony, BMW, Lexus were some of the few that were only acceptable when I was young.<span style=""> </span>When I look back now, it seems rather stupid.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 0.5in; line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">When I was young, I moved around the tri-state area a lot. It never really gave me a chance to ever settle into a place or school. <span style=""> </span>I never made close friends because I felt that I would not be able to keep them. <span style=""> </span>It might explain why I can be a loner and be totally fine with it. <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 0.5in; line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">High school was all about running.<span style=""> </span>It was just my joy. <span style=""> </span>I ran cross-country and did hurdles all year round. I just loved to run.<span style=""> </span>While I was running lots of miles, I would come home to make instant ramen almost every day.<span style=""> </span>Perhaps all that MSG I consumed preserved my youthful appearance, as people continue to mistake me for an 18 year old.<span style=""> </span><span style=""> </span>It is definitely not the meal of champions, but with both parents working full time, it’s all I knew how to make.<span style=""> </span>Boil water and cook for 3 minutes.<span style=""> </span>When it came around time to decide about college and what I wanted to do, I debated between teaching and becoming an engineer. I chose to become an engineer. <span style=""> </span>My parents strongly encouraged me that it would be a good fit for me.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 0.5in; line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">College was a rude awakening. <span style=""> </span>High school did not warn me about how hard it was going to become an engineer and it took a while to get back on my feet. <span style=""> </span>I don’t regret the decision, because I was able to learn how to deal with challenges and overcome hurdles. <span style=""> </span>It also kept me grounded too. <span style=""> </span>While I was studying, my friends were going out and having fun meeting people. <span style=""> </span>I knew I couldn’t do that if I wanted to achieve my goal to graduate as an engineer. <span style=""> </span>I was so determined to finish with that degree, as I saw some of my classmates not survive.<span style=""> </span>College was also the time where my parents and I slowly became more of equals rather than parents and son. They treated me more as an equal and included me in on family decisions and spoke to me for advice rather than giving it to me.<span style=""> </span>I felt that this was a huge milestone.<span style=""> </span>In Korean culture, it is common for parents to continue to treat their children as little children or baby them.<span style=""> </span><span style=""> </span><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 0.5in; line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">After I graduated, I had a tough time finding a job. I became a contractor and worked for Unilever for 3 years doing bench work to packaging engineering. <span style=""> </span>During that time, I got to experience the work force, but was never satisfied. I wasn’t happy with what I was doing, but wasn’t sure what I wanted to do. <span style=""> </span>I couldn’t imagine the rest of my life stuck behind a computer in a cubicle.<span style=""> </span>I thought about many different professions such as physical therapy and physician assistant. To me it made sense, because I enjoyed helping others and I was good at biology. However, the schools did not agree with me.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 0.5in; line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">I went into teaching. Maybe it was from the tutoring I did for kids, or maybe it was from watching kids during day care on Sundays for my church. <span style=""> </span>I just wanted to do what I wanted to do. <span style=""> </span>Perhaps it was just a second chance to do something I wanted to do all along. <span style=""> </span>It was my choice to go be a teacher.<span style=""> </span>I didn’t ask my parents what they thought.<span style=""> </span>I just applied. It just happened to apply to Montclair St. and was accepted. It’s a pretty big moment to me as I’m on my way towards starting my next career.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 0.5in; line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">I find joy in different things from when I was younger. One of them is photography. It provides me peace when I get to photograph memories and capture the moment. I don’t need anyone nor have any responsibilities attached to it. <span style=""> </span>It is my personal pacifier. <span style=""> </span>My other joy is in kids. I love kids. Perhaps it helps me feel young, but I enjoy being around them and watching them learn new things and grow up.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 0.5in; line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Culture has a big impact on how I will teach. Even if I tried to hide my culture, it would inevitably come out.<span style=""> </span>My upbringing made me work hard to get good grades, even if I wasn’t very good at it, I learned to keep fighting and claw your way through.<span style=""> </span>I think it’s good to have that kind of mentality to students.<span style=""> </span>This type of mentality will help keep me in perspective when students struggle.<span style=""> </span>I’ve been there and I understand that certain things come easier to some than others and hopefully I can convey that to my students, so they know that I am there for them. <span style=""> </span>As everyone’s culture is different, mine will be different from other teachers and students.<span style=""> </span>It is a good opportunity for student and teacher to learn to appreciate and respect each other’s cultures.<span style=""> </span>It is a good life lesson for all that will certainly be challenged in the future.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 0.5in; line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> Jinhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01915399485283432198noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-542128141719099454.post-68435810089312868332009-02-22T14:52:00.001-08:002009-02-22T14:53:02.380-08:00Open MicThis blog is just an open blog. I've decided to talk about who makes the laws for education. After reading the article called "Listening to Teachers: Classroom Realities and No Child Left Behind" I started to think about how teachers are always labeled the problem and not included in any input on the solution. It is interesting to see how a law that affects our nation's education system was created by people in government who are not involved in education. The people involved in education know education best. Micheal Jordan is a good example. He is one of the best player in basketball, but when he tried out for baseball, we clearly saw that his abilities were capable of playing at a high level. <br /><br />It does not make sense that a politician can determine what goes on in public schools. I am not saying our political leaders are not capable of doing their job, but some of these politicians may have never stepped inside a public school in their entire childhood! How can we expect education to improve if the ones in have no experience in the matter?<br /><br />I agree there must be change in the uphill battle for education. However, change must be made at the top. The ones making the law should be the ones entrenched in our school systems. Laws should be made not for political agenda's, but for education only.Jinhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01915399485283432198noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-542128141719099454.post-13682498666129686142009-02-16T12:12:00.000-08:002009-02-16T12:13:47.890-08:00Updated Frames of Reference!<meta equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"><meta name="ProgId" content="Word.Document"><meta name="Generator" content="Microsoft Word 12"><meta name="Originator" content="Microsoft Word 12"><link style="font-family: arial;" rel="File-List" href="file:///C:%5CDOCUME%7E1%5Clabuser%5CLOCALS%7E1%5CTemp%5Cmsohtmlclip1%5C01%5Cclip_filelist.xml"><link style="font-family: arial;" rel="themeData" href="file:///C:%5CDOCUME%7E1%5Clabuser%5CLOCALS%7E1%5CTemp%5Cmsohtmlclip1%5C01%5Cclip_themedata.thmx"><link style="font-family: arial;" rel="colorSchemeMapping" href="file:///C:%5CDOCUME%7E1%5Clabuser%5CLOCALS%7E1%5CTemp%5Cmsohtmlclip1%5C01%5Cclip_colorschememapping.xml"><!--[if gte mso 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{page:Section1;} --> </style><!--[if gte mso 10]> <style> /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-para-margin-top:0in; mso-para-margin-right:0in; mso-para-margin-bottom:10.0pt; mso-para-margin-left:0in; line-height:115%; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;} </style> <![endif]--> <p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; font-family: arial;"><span style="line-height: 200%;font-size:100%;" >When I first heard I had to take a class in urban studies, I felt a part of me think, “UGH, I don’t want to do this!” <span style=""> </span>I was raised in a suburban town for most of my life and only recently lived in cities like New Brunswick, New Jersey and Stamford, Connecticut. <span style=""> </span>I have to admit that I do not have a lot of experience in any urban setting and I did not plan on working in urban areas. <span style=""> </span>The only times I have actually been in an urban area was for charity work for organizations like Habitat for Humanity and Hana Missions, and more recently my trip to Hawaii to visit friends. <span style=""> </span>My perspectives changed from my trip to Hawaii.<span style=""> </span>Perhaps it was because I did not really go around the island doing many touristy things. <span style=""> </span>Instead, I had the opportunity to go around the neighborhood meeting people and getting to know.<span style=""> </span>At first, I had reservation about Hawaii and knowing that the state is not well off, but learning about the culture of the community as well as individuals from it has changed my opinion of it.<span style=""> </span>Now I am strongly considering moving there to be a teacher, so I want to be fully aware of urban areas along with the current and potential situations that might come about.
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<br />To begin the process of learning and understanding, it is important to perform a self-evaluation to understand where I am in terms of beliefs and opinions.<span style=""> </span>During my time living in the suburbs, I have formed opinions and beliefs of urban schools. <span style=""> </span>However, they were not based on substantial factors such as experience but rather have been formed have been based on watching the TV, reading magazine articles, talking to friends who work in urban schools, <span style=""> </span>and searching through the Internet. <span style=""> </span>Even the music today contains lyrics that talk about urban areas. <span style=""> </span>I know the stereotypes about urban communities and schools exist in my life and influence the way I think of urban schools because I am not fully aware of the situation and am very uneducated in the matter. <span style=""> </span>Through this course, I hope that this is a great opportunity to air them out and hopefully gain more awareness and further understanding on the issue.
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<br />I try not to allow stereotypes and stigmas to affect my beliefs, but it is difficult when you are inexperienced and not much information. <span style=""> </span>The fact is my beliefs will always affect the way I act and perceive things. <span style=""> </span>The most important thing in my opinion is to remain flexible and teachable so that beliefs, which were skewed from false information, might be wrong changed.
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<br />A lot of my thoughts and ideas are similar to our first class with what I believed to be true with urban schools. <span style=""> </span>When I think of an urban school, a few things come to mind. <span style=""> </span>I think of schools that are very underfunded, have educational curriculums centered on standardized testing, and burned out inexperienced teachers. <span style=""> </span>I feel as though urban schools do not and cannot provide students proper opportunities to flourish due to the lack of resources, and rather settle for students to make the minimum standards, resulting in big achievement gaps. <span style=""> </span>From past research in a previous class, students lose interest in school because school focused on getting good standardized test scores rather than give a student a proper education. <span style=""> </span>What is worse is, when they see something on the test that was not covered in class, they feel very discouraged. <span style=""> </span>I have also read that there is also a high dropout rate in urban schools, where blame goes towards the schools for suggesting to students to drop out or transfer to another school in order to raise overall test scores.
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<br />When I think about teachers, I see them having an extremely tough job. <span style=""> </span>Teachers often seem to get burned out more frequently. <span style=""> </span>They have a low budget to work with. <span style=""> </span>From what my friends tell me, they even spend their own money to buy supplies for their classrooms. <span style=""> </span>In the classroom, teachers are fighting against the outside influences that distract the children from pursuing an education. <span style=""> </span>Teachers in the schools are not necessarily the best or the most qualified to teach to the students. <span style=""> </span>Many times, there are programs that provide some sort of incentive to recruit teachers to urban schools.
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<br />The students in urban schools face a huge uphill battle. <span style=""> </span>Students are complacent to education because they do not see a bright future for them at all. <span style=""> </span>Many students come from low income and broken families, so accountability from parents seems difficult to come by because they are working hard to pay bills. <span style=""> </span>Students also see temptation to make quick bucks, for example from selling drugs, as a way to improve their life and their future. <span style=""> </span>Students face a lot of pressure to join gangs, which tends to lead to violence and many times death, where the student does not have a choice in the matter. <span style=""> </span>They must fight to defend their fellow members.
<br />
<br />It would be a lie to say that my beliefs would not alter my interactions, but it may not necessarily be negative.<span style=""> </span>I think my relationship with my fellow peers would be better. <span style=""> </span>In fact, I would hope that my beliefs would bring us closer as a united front, where we would be able to work together. <span style=""> </span>I would also want to learn from their experience. <span style=""> </span>I think that working with students would be a little different. <span style=""> </span>I would make more of an effort to get to know the students and see what is going on in their lives. <span style=""> </span>I believe that there would be more intent when getting to know them, to understand them and know where they are.<span style=""> </span>At the same time, I would not have any understanding of their culture and make me a bit hesitant and uncertain.<span style=""> </span>It would take time for me personally to break my beliefs and be open-minded.
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<br />My hope is to have a classroom that has a “buzz” for education. <span style=""> </span>I want to have a classroom that encourages and supports the students’ interest so that they would be engaged and desire to learn during their time in the classroom. <span style=""> </span>I also would like to have a way to get to know each student to see how he or she is doing. <span style=""> </span>It is important to have a relationship with the student to help the student know the teacher cares about them. <span style=""> </span>With No Child Left Behind in place, there will be a lot of focus on standardized testing. <span style=""> </span>Test scores are over emphasized in schools. <span style=""> </span>I would hope to be more creative in ways to teach them the content on the test. <span style=""> </span>The further they succeed on standardized tests, the better chance to continue to move up on in their education.
<br />
<br />It is my hope that my fellow teachers will have some input on how I could construct and conduct a class in an urban school. <span style=""> </span>Their knowledge and experience would provide an invaluable resource to me. <span style=""> </span>I know I will make mistakes here and there, but with their accountability and advice, I will be able to acknowledge my mistakes and learn from it. <span style=""> </span>My beliefs will also change as I learn more from my peers and hopefully for the better.
<br />
<br />Assumptions and beliefs play a large role in how one will act as a professional. <span style=""> </span>No matter how much we may deny it, what we believe in will always show in our actions. <span style=""> </span>The negative beliefs and assumptions will clearly have a bad influence in anyone’s style of teaching. <span style=""> </span>It will not allow me to be even who I am, and it might distance me further from the students. <span style=""> </span>I have stigmas and stereotypes in my mind that I wish to break. <span style=""> </span>The one thing I have working for me is that I want to remain flexible in these beliefs and continue to recognize that what I perceived from media and other factors was wrong. <span style=""> </span>I want to change and be able to teach all types of students. <span style=""> </span>My goal is to be a caring, and encouraging teacher anywhere I teach. <span style=""> </span>The only thing that will not change is the standards that I set for myself and for my class.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; font-family: arial;"><span style="line-height: 200%;font-size:100%;" >There is a lot of speculation and uncertainty as I slowly step closer to becoming a teacher.<span style=""> </span>I still have many questions about urban education and schools.<span style=""> </span>I hope to gain knowledge, awareness, and understanding of urban education to form new beliefs.<span style=""> </span>In doing so, this might help me make a decision to move to Hawaii, or consider any other location.<o:p></o:p></span></p> Jinhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01915399485283432198noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-542128141719099454.post-86265568388868296162009-02-11T18:29:00.001-08:002009-02-11T18:41:24.159-08:00Community culture influences<span style="font-family:arial;">Community culture is an important influence on the urban centers. That message was made clear by the creation of suburban communities. People thought that homogenous demographics allowed for a better education system. Many people moved out to suburbs with that notion.<br /><br />Urban communities are strong in culture. People live in small dense areas that they will know each other well. Their relationship with one another is extremely strong. For example of Gilyard, the student had to balance his life as a student in the white community with his relationship with the black community. One part in particular showed the strength of his friendship, when Gilyard made up a story to protect his friend. </span><br /><br /><span style="font-family:arial;">I believe that the culture of the community is the biggest influence of schools. The way the educational system is put together does not fit well with the urban community. It’s like fitting a round peg in a square hole. It just won’t happen. There needs to be flexibility in the system to help develop students and their talents. For example educators such as Lisa Delpit and Gloria Ladson-Billing showed positive results by incorporating the community language “black English” into their program. The school needs to adapt better to the students to make them feel that school is relevant in their lives. I hope that understanding the urban community will allow the school systems and their students to thrive.<br /><br /><br /></span>Jinhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01915399485283432198noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-542128141719099454.post-26118115119799781512009-02-02T21:50:00.000-08:002009-02-09T13:01:10.422-08:00Media InfluenceUPDATED: I misunderstood the assignment, but I have updated it.<br />TV:<br />Suburban: 90210 (TV) – The school is in a rich neighborhood. The show demonstrated well funded schools that could host extravagant events. Students came from rich families that were able to provide vacations to the beach, and brand new cars.<br /><br />Urban: Fresh Prince of Bel Air (TV) – The show took a kid from the urban setting to the suburbs. He showed that grades were not important. Relationships between friends are very strong such as his friendship with Jazzy Jeff. He was removed from his home down of Philadelphia to Bel Air because he was constantly getting into trouble with the law and with violence with gangs.<br /><br />Rural: Friday Nights Lights (TV) – The show is based in Texas. The show emphasizes how the community expresses importance on sports, particularly high school football. The community mostly is not very affluent. The school’s funding is misdirected and given to the football team. The rest of the school fights for scraps.<br /><br />Movie:<br />Suburban: Clueless (Movie) – The movie is set in California in a suburban area. The students are all affluent and a bit stuck up. The students had cars and designer clothing. There was a lot of social class separation. The students seemed to care less about grades because of the wealth their parents had. The relationships between students seemed artificial and the ones with the teachers was superficial.<br /><br />Urban: Coach Carter (Movie) – The movie is set in Richmond, VA in an urban high school. The school is underfunded. The students on the basketball team come from broken homes, and have no ambition towards furthering their education. Some of the parents put their child’s future all on basketball.<br /><br />Rural: Varsity Blues (Movie) - This movie shows the lack of seriousness in education. The community doesn’t seem to have high ambitions, as football was clearly the focus of the town. The football players are treated like celebrities in their community. For these players the future did extend beyond the season and winning a championship trophy.<br /><br />Music:<br />Suburban: Vitamin C – Graduation – This song came out when I graduated. As I look back on this song and some of the lyrics, it reminds me of how in suburban communities going to college is almost taken for granted. The students have high ambitions of leaving their homes and getting a big money job.<br /><br />Urban: Kanye West – It is interesting to see how these two artists have strong ties to religion. Kanye West has a song called “Jesus Walks” and his need for Jesus. The song seems to show a glimpse of what he’s experienced. He sings about hustlers, killers, murderers, drug dealers, and strippers. He also jokes and says that he was told if his rap songs weren’t about guns, sex, lies, or video tapes, that his song about Jesus wouldn’t be played on the radio. This shows the stereotypes of what types of stigmas rap songs have.Jinhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01915399485283432198noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-542128141719099454.post-1627370802667751872009-02-02T13:57:00.002-08:002009-02-02T14:03:23.086-08:00First post!When I first heard I had to take a class in urban studies, I felt a part of me though, “UGH, I don’t want to do this!” I was raised in a suburban town for most of my life and more recently lived in cities like New Brunswick, New Jersey and Stamford, Connecticut. I have to admit that I do not have a lot of experience in any urban setting and I did not plan on working in urban areas. The only times I have been in an urban area was for charity work for organizations like Habitat for Humanity and Hana Missions, and more recently my trip to Hawaii to visit friends. My perspectives changed from my trip to Hawaii. I didn’t really go around the island doing a lot of touristy things because it was not my first time there, but I got to go around the neighborhood, and meet and get to know people around the area. Now I am strongly considering moving there, so I want to be fully aware of urban areas along with the current and potential situations that might come about.<br /><br />I have formed opinions and beliefs of urban schools. They have been formed have been based on watching the news, reading magazine articles, talking to friends who work in urban schools and searching through the Internet. Even the music today contains lyrics that talk about urban areas. I know stereotypes about urban schools exist in my life and influence the way I think of urban schools mostly because I am not fully aware of the situation and am very uneducated in the matter. Through this course, I hope that this is a great opportunity to air them out and hopefully gain more awareness and further understanding on the issue.<br /><br />I try not to allow stereotypes and stigmas to affect my beliefs, but it is difficult when you are inexperienced and there are a lot of unknowns you can’t answer. Your beliefs will always affect the way you act and perceive things. The most important thing in my opinion is to remain flexible and teachable so that beliefs, which were skewed from false information, might be wrong changed. <br /><br />A lot of thoughts and ideas that were mentioned from our first class coincided with what I believed to be true with urban schools. When I think of an urban school a few things come to mind. I think of schools that are very under funded, have educational curriculums that focus a lot of their attention on standardized testing, and burned out teachers. I feel as though urban schools do not and cannot provide students the proper opportunities to flourish due to the lack or resources, and rather settle for students to make the minimum standards, which results in big achievement gaps. From past research, students lose interest in school because the school focused on getting good standardized test scores rather than give a student a proper education. What is worse is, when they see something on the test that was not covered in class, they feel very discouraged. I have also read that there is also a high drop out rate in urban schools, where blame goes towards the schools for suggesting to students to drop out or transfer to another school in order to raise overall test scores.<br /><br />When I think about teachers, I see them having an extremely tough job. Teachers often seem to get burned out more frequently. They have a low budget to work with. From what my friends tell me, they even spend their own money to buy supplies for their classrooms. In the classroom, teachers are fighting against the outside influences that distract the children from pursuing an education. With all these variables being factored in, the teachers in the schools are not necessarily the best or the most qualified to teach to the students. A lot of times, there are programs that provide some sort of incentive to recruit teachers to urban schools.<br /><br />The students in urban schools face a huge uphill battle. Students are complacent to education because they do not see a bright future for them at all. A lot of students come from low income and broken families, so accountability from parents seems difficult to come by because they are out working to pay bills. Students also see temptation to make quick bucks, for example from selling drugs, as a way to improve their life and their future. Students face a lot of pressure to join gangs, which tends to lead to violence and many times death, where the student does not have a choice in the matter. They must fight to defend their fellow members.<br /><br />I do not think my beliefs should alter my interactions with my fellow teachers. In fact, I would hope that my beliefs would bring us closer as a united front, where we would be able to work together. I would also want to learn from their past experiences. I think that working with students would be a little different. I would make more of an effort to get to know the students and see what is going on in their lives. I believe that there would be more intent when getting to know them, to understand them and know where they are. <br /><br />My hope is to have a classroom that has a “buzz” for education. I want to have a classroom that encourages and supports the students’ interest so that they would be engaged and desire to learn during their time in the classroom. I also would like to have a way to get to know each student to see how he or she is doing. It is important to have a relationship with the student to help the student know the teacher cares about them. I know with No Child Left Behind, there will be a lot of focus on standardized testing. Test scores are so emphasized in schools. I would hope to be more creative in ways to teach them the content on the test. The further they succeed on standardized tests, the better chance to continue to move up on in their education.<br /><br />Also hope that my fellow peers will have input on how I could construct and conduct a class in an urban school. Their knowledge and experience would provide an invaluable resource to me. I know I will make mistakes here and there, but with their accountability and advice, I will be able to acknowledge my mistakes and learn from it. My beliefs will also change as I learn more from my peers and hopefully for the better. <br /><br />Assumptions and beliefs play a large role in how one will act as a professional. No matter how much we may deny it, what we believe in will always show in our actions. The negative beliefs and assumptions will clearly have a bad influence in my style of teaching. It will not allow me to be even who I am, and it would probably distance myself further from the students. I have stigmas and stereotypes in my mind that I wish to break. The one thing I have working for me is that I want to remain flexible in these beliefs and continue to recognize that what I perceived from media and other factors was wrong. I want to change and be able to teach all types of students. My goal is to be a caring, and encouraging teacher anywhere I teach. The only thing that will not change is the standards that I set for myself and for my class.Jinhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01915399485283432198noreply@blogger.com1